Since 2017, all cosmetology and barbering licenses in Texas — including Manicurist (Nail Technician) — are issued and regulated by TDLR. The former Texas Cosmetology Commission was abolished.

Stiletto/pointed shapes (D) are the most fragile because most of the nail extends past the support of the nail bed and the narrow point concentrates stress. For a typist or client doing daily manual work, stiletto natural nails will chip, split, or break constantly. Suggest an oval or short squoval instead.

The hyponychium is the thickened skin underneath the free edge of the nail. It forms a protective seal that blocks bacteria and debris from entering under the nail plate.

Onychogryphosis ("ram's horn nail") is severe nail thickening and curvature, most often on the big toe. Causes include long-term neglect, trauma, or poor circulation in elderly clients. Refer to a podiatrist — do NOT attempt to file or cut down in the salon.

Onycholysis is the painless separation of the nail plate from the bed (without shedding). Causes include trauma, fungal infection, certain medications, or chemicals. Suspicious cases — especially with discoloration — should be referred to a doctor.

Frequent and thorough hand washing is universally recognized as the single most effective infection-control measure. Gloves and disinfectants are supplements, not substitutes.

Texas TDLR requires foot spas to be cleaned and disinfected after EVERY client, with a more thorough weekly disinfection and a documented log.

MMA causes severe allergic reactions, nail damage, and is extremely difficult to remove. EMA (ethyl methacrylate) is the legal alternative. Use of MMA can cost you your license.

The matrix is the active cell-producing tissue at the base of the nail. Damage here can permanently deform the nail.